Calculating machine



May 30, 1933. A, GERTH 1,911,683 CALCULATING MACHINE Filed July 11, 1931 5 Sheets-Sheet 1 3mm Z Gi /27L wwwz May 30, 1933.

A. GERTH 1,911,683 CALCULATING MACHINE I Filed July 11, 1931 3 Sheets-Sheet 2 l2 gwomtoc May 30, 1933. GERTH 159]],683

CALCULATING MACHINE Filed July 11, 1931 5 Sheets-Sheet 3 I-IH lac

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Q gwomtoz & ugz amwm v '50 plates 11. I do not wish to be limited to this as i Patented May 30, 1 933 I 1,91 l

UNITED STATES PATENT OFFICE AUGUST GERTH, IIIDEWOOD TOWNSHIP, DEUEL COUNTY, SOUTH DAKOTA CALCULATING MACHINE Application filed July 11,1931. Serial No. 550,153.

This invention relates to calculating de- Extending upward between the plates 11 vices whereby one number may be multiis a shaft 14. The upper enc of this shaft plied by another and the answer displayed is supported on a cover plate 15 of an outer on the machine and the general object of housing 16 constituting a supporting frame.

the invention is to provide a relatively sim- This housing is cylindrical in form, but the 55 ple form of calculating machine which may front of the machine is formed to provide be cheaply made, and whereby the operation the vertically elongated slot or opening 17 of multiplying is greatly simplified. The lower end of the shaft extends through A further object is to provide a machine the bottom plate 18 of this housing and at of this character whereby relatively large the lower end the shaft is supported by a 60 numbers may be readily multiplied by relabearing 19. Pinned to the lower end of the tively large numbers without any mental shaft 14 below the plate 18 is a crown gear effort and the answer be displayed automati- 20. Extending through the member 19 cally. which constitutes a step bearing for the Other objects will appear in the course of shaft 14 is an operating shaft 21 having a the following description. crank handle 22 and carrying a gear wheel My invention is illustrated in the accom- 23 which engages the crown gear 20. Expanying drawings, wherein zcept for a reason to be now stated, beveled Figure lis a side elevation of a calculatgears could be used in place of the gear ing machine constructed in accordance with wheels 20 and 23. 70 my invention; Disposed below the shaft 21 is a fan car- Figure 2 is a vertical diametrical section rying shaft 24 upon which a fan 25 is mountthrough the calculating machine, the side ed for rotation around the shaft 2 1. Slidsupporting members being shown in elevaably mounted upon the shaft 24 is a pinion 25 tion; 26 provided with clutch teeth engageable Figure 3 is a cross section on the line 3 3 with clutch teeth 27 on the tubular shaft of of Figure 2; the fan. These are beveled clutch teeth so Figure 4 is a front elevation broken away that the pinion will engage with the fan of the outer casing and the several cylinders; only upon a rotation of the pinion 26 in 30 Figure 5 is a diagrammatic perspective one direction. The pinion 26 is provided 80 view showing the upper ends of the several with inclined teeth 28 and the pinion is cylinders and the outer casing; longer than the width of the gear wheel 23. Figure 6 is a fragmentary elevation of the hus when the gear wheel 23 is rotated in upper portion of the outer casing; one direction, the bearing of the teeth Figure 7 is a fragmentary elevation of the against the teeth 28 will cause the pinion 26 upper portion of the middle cylinder; to shift toward the fan and engage the teeth Figure 8 is a fragmentary elevation of 27 and upon the movement of the gear wheel the upper portion of the outer cylinder; 23 in the opposite direction, the pinion 26 Figure 9 is a perspective view of a comwill be caused to slide away from the teeth bined stop and finger; 2'7 and out of engagement therewith. Thus Figure 10 is an elevation of an alternative upon arotation of the crank handle 22 in means rotating the driving shaft. one direction, the fan will operate and upon Referring to these drawings, 10 designates a rotation in the other direction, the fan will a base of any suitable relatively heavy manot operate. This fan acts as a brake or fly terial having disposed on each side thereof wheel tending to render a rotation of the the upstanding plates 11. Extending across shaft 14: in one direction very steady and these plates adjacent the base are transverse prevent it being rotated too rapidly.

walls 12 connected to the plates 11 by ton- While I have illustrated the shaft 21 as gues 13 extending through slots in the being provided with the crank handle 22, 100

might be provided with a simple dislt or any handle whereby the shaft 21 can be manually rotated. As before stated, the housing 16 is cylindrical in form and has an opening 17 extending longitudinally of the housin Attached to the sides oi this opening 17 are longitiulinally extending metallic strips formed to provide grooves for the rec ption of a longitudinally extending strip of glass, celluloid or other transparent material 31. The lateral edges of the metallic strips 29 are formed with beads 32 and a slide has sliding engagement with these beads so that the slide may be moved up or down the full 'ength of the opening 17 This slide carries magnifying lens One margin of the housing 16 projects inward eyond the corresponding strip 2 as at 35 and this margin which carries certain numerals upon it, as will be later stated, is seen through the glass 31 and through the magnifying lens 34.

Disposed within the housing 16 are three cylinders. I have illustrated three cylinders, but it is to be understood that more might be used. if desired, or that a less number mightbe used. The innermost cylinder is designated a. l is a complete cylinder and is closed its top by the web 37 and at its bottom by the web 38.

These webs are flang d at their outer mar- Q T gins for attachment to the ylindei as by rivets or pins 39 and the inner margin of the lower web is flanged and engaged with a ring 40 loosely surrounding shaft let and held thereto by rivets ll. The top web 3'? is aho flanged and engaged with a ring l0 and held to the sha t 1 1 by the transverse rivet or bolt ll. Thus the upper and lower the ends of the innermost cylinder (1 are connected to the shaft 14 for rotation therewith.

Exteriorly oi" the cylinder (4 a second cylinder 6 constructed in the same manner as the cylinder and having heads at its upper and lower ends, but these heads are not connected to the shaft 14;, but the cylinder is freely rotatable around the shaft. EX- teriorly of the cylinder 5 there a third cylinder 0 which is constructed in the same manner as the cylinder 5 but of greater di ameter nd, ot course, longer as illustrated in the awings. The cylinders 7) and c are each formed with a longitudinally extend ing slot i l adapted when the cylinders are in their initial position to register with the slot 17.

Disposed upon the upper end of the shaft 14 is a ratchet wheel 4-15 and coacting with this ratchet wheel is a dog or pawl 46 mouut ed upon aslidable member 1-? Slit ably mounted upon the housing 16. When this slide l? is moved upward, it will carry the dog l6 out of engagement with the ratchet wheel. lVhen it is moved downward, howeve-. it will carry the dog into operative engagement with the ratchet wheel and thus prevent a rotation of the ratchet wheel in the reverse direction and thus prevent the rotation of the several cylinders in the reversedirection.

.Vhen the dog $6 is raised, however, it releases the ratchet wheel and permits a revere-e rotation of the shaft 14 and of the several cylinders. This is accomplished by providing springs which are wound up upon a rotation of the shaft 14 in one direction, which springs act when the dog 46 is released to rotate the shaft and the several cylinders in the reverse direction. In order to ieure this rotation of l ne shaft and cyls, I provide a spring for each cylinder. ine spring 48 for the outermost cylinder 0 is connected at its outer end to the web 37 or unner end of the cylinder 0 and at its innor 1 coiled twice around the depending flange 15 of the cover plate 15 as at 49 and at ached to this flange so that this end of the sp ngisheld from rotation. The spring 48?) connected at its outer end to the outer marg n of the cylinder 7) and atits inner end is coiled twice around the central depending flange of inder the top plate 37 for cylas at 9 and is then attached to this 'onnected at its outer end n of the cylinder It and has around the dependlge the top plate 37 of cylto said depending il ilepending flange of the re "FtCLl, pinned to the :00 is a stronger spring and the spring 48* is 3 than the spring Like springs and 48 are engaged with the lower of ti t1 cylinders in exactly the same manner as for the upper springs.

Th several cylinders carry upon them numerals arranged in columns as will be stated and it is necessary that when the innermost cylinder a has been given a full rotation, it should pick up the second cylinder 6 to cause a coincident rotation of the first and second cylinders and that when the second cylinder Z) has been given a one full rotation. it should pick up the third cylinder 0 and cause a complete rotation of this cylinder. Under these circumstances, the inner cylinder at will have been given three rotations, the intermediate cylinder 5 two rotations and the outermost cylinder 0 one rotation. To this end, I provide upon the inner cylinder a an outwardly projecting finger 50 and upon the cylinder 6 a stop 51 disposed in the path of movement of the finger 50. On the cylinder 7) there is also the outwardly projecting finger 52 engageable with a stop carried by the cylinder 0 which cylinder 0 is provided with a finger 5% engages le with the stop 55 mounted than the spring l8 st upon the casing 16. These stops and fingers may be constructed in any desired manner, but preferably as shown in Figure 9 where one of these combined stops and fingers is shown. In this figure, the combined stop and fingers consists of a small strip of metal bent upon itself to form the stop 51 and the outwardly projecting finger 52 with a supporting bracket 56. These stops and fingers are disposed, of course, both at the top and bottom of the several cylinders a, b and c agd the top and bottom of the outer casing 1.

It will be obvious now that when the cylinders are in their neutral position, the finger of the cylinder at will be disposed behind the stop 51 of the cylinder 1) and the finger 52 of cylinder 1) will be disposed behind the stop 53 of cylinder 0 while the finger 54 of. cylinder 0 will be disposed behind the stop 55 of the outer casing 16. Upon a complete rotation of the cylinder a, the finger 50 will engage the stop 51 and thus pick up the cylinder Z) to cause a simultaneous movement of the cylinders a and h. Then the cylinder I) has made a complete rotation, its finger 52 will engage the stop 53 of cylinder 0 and pick this cylinder up and carry it with it until the cylinder 0 has made a complete rotation. It will be noted that the cylinders 15 and c are loose upon the shaft 14 butthat the cylinder w is fixed upon the shaft so that as the shaft is rotated by hand through the crank 22, the cylinder a will be given a positive rotation through one revolution, then the cylinder 6 will be picked up and given one rotation while the cylinder. a is moving through its second rotation and that when the cylinder at has been rotated twice and the cylinder 7) once, then a rotation will be given to the cylinder 0. Thus when the operation is finished, the cylinder 0; will have had three rotations, the cylinder 5 two rotations and the cylinder 0 a single rotation.

The pawl it has been rotated but as soon as the pawl is released, the several springs 48a, 48b and 480 will cause a reverse rotation of the cylinders to their initial position.

It will be seen that after the first rotation of cylinder at, the spring 48 will then have been wound three times around the hub of cylinder b but that a further rotation of cyl linder a: will not cause any further winding up movement of the spring l8 because the cylinder 6 will then rotate with cylinder (.4 and that upon a full rotation of the cylinder 6. the spring 48 will be wound up three times around the hub of cylinder 0 but there will be no further winding movement because cylinders 12 and 0 will rotate together and that one rotation of the cylinder 0 will cause the spring 48 to be wound up three times around the hub of the cover 15 16 will hold. the shaft 14 after.

which is fixed from rotation. Therefore, all three of these springs will be under tension. Now if the parts be released, the stronger spring 48 will act first to rotate the cylinder 0 through one rotation or until the finger 54 reaches the stop 55. Then the spring 48 will act to rotate the cylinder 6 through one rotation or until its finger again strikes against the stop on the other side thereof. Then the lighter spring 18 will act to return the cylinder a. to its initial position. Thus upon a release of the pawl 46, all the cylinder will be returned to their initial positions.

The innermost cylinder a is formed at its upper end with forty-nine circumferentially extending spaces, or in other words, the cylinder is formed with forty-nine longitudinally extending columns. The uppermost series of spaces designated generally 57 has numerals from two to fifty. Reading downward on the several vertical columns, it will be seen that the numerals show the quotients which would result from multiplying the numerals in the first column by 2, 3, l, 5, 6, etc. Preferably, there will be 99 horizontal columns. There will, therefore, be 4,751 spaces upon the cylinder a showing the result of multiplying any of the numerals from 2 to 50 by any numeral from 2 to 99.

The next cylinder Z) has at its upper edge and extending circumferentially around the cylinder numerals from 51 to 100 (see Figure 7 and in series below this upper series of numerals, which. upper series is designated 58, the results of multiplying any one of these numerals from '51 to 100 by any one of numerals from 2 to 99. The third or outermost cylinder 0 has upon its upper edge, the numerals from 101 to 150 (see Figure 8) designated 59 and in the several circumferential series below the results of multiplying any one of these numbers 101 to 150 by any number from to 99.

As before stated, the outer cylinders 7) and 0 are each formed to provide a longitudinally extending slot ia through which the numerals on the inner cylind .i' may be read. The strip which projects into the field of view of the magnifying 34 carries uponit a vertical. series of numerals from 2 to 99 or in other words, the multipliers. With this construction, if it be desired to multiply 64: by '75, the slide is lowered from a position at the top of the housing to thus lower the pawl 46 into engagement with the ratchet wheel -15. The slide is pulled down until it is coincident with the first number on the strip 35. Then the crank is turned to the right so far that the figure you wish to multiply shows through the magnifying glass. In other words, the crank is turned approximately three times around. The crank is so geared that it re.-

int that neral, will be disclosed ou 'h the i int; h r shifted downward until the numeral ti appears upon the strip and airing-side of this numeral will appear the quotient. namely 800.

Of course obviously the cylinders may be ll 61- appet rs in the turned un il 5 uunier niagniivn he beginning of the L." I operation c then the slide shiited nonnward to the numeral 75 and the like rpiotient will appear. if the inul'inlicand is below 50, only two turns ot ti le crank will be necessary to rotate the once to b nnermost evlinder j any nunierai an two to fifty into position in front of the magnifying:

atl i the slide with the glass is ard uitil the proper inultiplier ,1 and the answer will be seen beside the multiplier.

0 It will be noted that the aw the cylinde or cylinders hiifttal ere ln been pren r v uid free h, the '1 ta Ll cylinders to their initial =10 p. rotation is, of course,

a trot, the shaft LL. In

0 t too rapid rotation, have acts a bral;

e which o: .5 pen a ret( an of the cylinder; :per oircction under the action of tl 2"". the fan will not be ope"ated by reason ot the separated clutch teeth 27,

but when the crank is let go and the pawl t6 lifted. the tan will be connected to the driving n el i 23 and will rotate.

The hous l6 preferably mounted for around the shaft it so that "lindeis and the housing may be them in the most onrenient observation. To this end. led concentric to V the members d with outs (51 extendud with nuts (352 l "h nu y be belt. at any dc- *lir 'uhin the range of the slot Gt). While I hare illustrated certain details which I believe to be particularly efl'ective,

I do not wish to be limited to these details ders 3 within the other and carrying rows or uun-erals observable through said slot, a

central manually rratable shaft upon which the innermost cylinder is mounted for rotation therewith, a finger on each cylinder, a stop on the outer casing and on each cylinder exterior to the innermost cylinder and projecting into the oath of movement of the linger on the next adjacent cylinder whereby as the inner cylinder rotated, the several cylinders will be successively engaged and rotated, and springs one for each cylinder each connected at its outer end to its related Under and its inner end coiled an und t..e axis of the cylinders and connected to the center or" the i outer cylnext at iin'ler, the sprii connected to the innermost cylinder beingweakest and the sprinL con: nected to the suc essire outer cylinders being successively stronger.

52. In a celculatirg machine oi the char ct '1' described, an outer cylindrical casing);

" vertical observation .1 a

i 'lable element mounted .er increalon a said slot and having an open ingz. a plurality of rotatable concentric inner cylinrh one rithiu the other and carrying rows ot unierais observable through the slot and said vertically slidable member, a cenj. rotatable shaft upon which the innerinost cylinder is inountel, means to causing the successive engagement of said cylnders with said shaft as it is rotated, a itchet wheel mounted on the upper end of he shaft. a pawl niounted upon the outer rier slidablc vertically on the outer casing and disposed in he path of movement of said slidable member whereby when said i able member is raised to th full extent oi" the slot, the arrier will be raised to carry the pawl out of engagement with the atchet wheel and when the sliduble member is shifted downward into operative relation to the figures on the cylinders, the pawl will be lowered into operative engagement with the atchet wheel.

In testimony whereof I hereunto auix iuy signatu re.

AUGUST GEixlH. 

